Découverte de l'interpréteur interactif IPython

# Création de l"alias mon_dir
# Liste des fichiers *.sys du répertoire c:\tmp (récursif).
# Puis lancement de l'alias et affichage du résultat

In [86]: %alias mondir dir "c:\tmp\*.sys" /s /b

In [87]: mondir
IPython system call: dir "c:\tmp\*.sys" /s /b
c:\tmp\Medion\V.1.3.2.5\3xHybrid.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_2000\RT2500.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_2000\rt2500usb.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_2000\RT61.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_98\RT25009X.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_98\RT25U98.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_98\RT619x.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_ME\RT25009X.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_ME\RT25U98.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_ME\RT619x.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XP\RT2500.SYS
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XP\rt2500usb.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XP\RT61.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XPx64\rt2500.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XPx64\rt2500usb.sys
c:\tmp\msi\driver\Windows_XPx64\rt61.sys

# Création de l'alias sayHello
# La commande est un echo avec 2 arguments (%s)
# Enfin lancement de la commande par l'alias et affichage du résultat


In [94]: %alias sayHello echo "Bonjour ton nom est %s et ton prenom est %s"

In [95]: sayHello Peyroux Jean
IPython system call: echo "Bonjour ton nom est Peyroux et ton prenom est Jean"

"Bonjour ton nom est Peyroux et ton prenom est Jean"

# Créer un bookmark du répertoire courant :
%bookmark monBookmark

# Créer un bookmark sur le répertoire '/home/peyroux/Python'
%bookmark maHomePython /home/peyroux/Python

# Lister les bookmarks
%bookmark -l 

# Aller dans un répertoire "bookmarké" : 
%cd -b maHomePython

# Supprimer un bookmark : 
%bookmark -d <name> 

# Supprimer tous les bookmark : 
%bookmark -r

monNom = "John Doe"
print monNom + "\n"
print monNom.upper()

In [8]: %cpaste
Pasting code; enter '--' alone on the line to stop.

# J'ai fait le coller à cet endroit
:monNom = "John Doe"
:print monNom
:print monNom.upper()
:--
# Le résultat
John Doe
JOHN DOE

# Je vais dans le répertoire 'c:\Documents and Settings'
In [1]: cd c:\Documents and Settings\
c:\Documents and Settings

In [2]: cd c:\Documents and Settings\eric\Bureau\
c:\Documents and Settings\eric\Bureau

In [3]: cd
C:\Documents and Settings\eric

In [4]: %dhist
Directory history (kept in _dh)
0: C:\Documents and Settings\eric
1: c:\Documents and Settings
2: c:\Documents and Settings\eric\Bureau
3: C:\Documents and Settings\eric

In [28]: age = 19

In [29]: if age >=18:
   ....:     print 'majeur'
   ....:
   ....:
majeur

In [30]: %ed 28 29

%edit 2 8 10 21-25

# Ouvre l'éditeur et place le code tapé dans IPython des lignes 1 à 4
In [12]: %ed -x 1-4

# Après fermeture le code n'est pas exécuté

# Affichage des 40 dernières lignes 
%hist
85 : _ip.system(r'dir "c:\tmp\*.sys" /s /b ')
86 : _ip.magic(r'%alias mondir dir "c:\tmp\*.sys" /s /b')
87 : _ip.system(r'dir "c:\tmp\*.sys" /s /b ')
88 : #?%alias
89 : _ip.magic('%alias sayHello echo "Bonjour %s"')
90 : _ip.system('echo "Bonjour eric" ')
...

# Affichage des 4 dernières lignes : 
%hist 4
13: _ip.magic("ls -al")
14: _ip.magic("pwd")
15: _ip.magic("cd $HOME")
16: _ip.magic("mutt")    

# Affichage des lignes 3 à 6  
%hist 3 6
3: _ip.system("dir /on ")
4: _ip.magic("cd ")
5: _ip.system("dir /on ")

In[1]:nom = "Peyroux" 
In[2]: print nom 
In[3]: %macro maMacro 1-2 
In[4]: maMacro
# Résultat, la macro affiche : 
'Peyroux'

In [22]: %lsmagic
Available magic functions:
%Exit  %Pprint  %Quit  %alias  %autocall  %autoindent  %automagic  %bg  %bookmar
k  %cd  %clear  %color_info  %colors  %cpaste  %debug  %dhist  %dirs  %ed  %edit
  %env  %exit  %hist  %history  %logoff  %logon  %logstart  %logstate  %lsmagic
 %macro  %magic  %p  %page  %pdb  %pdef  %pdoc  %pfile  %pinfo  %popd  %profile
 %prun  %psearch  %psource  %pushd  %pwd  %pycat  %quickref  %quit  %r  %rehash
 %rehashdir  %rehashx  %reset  %run  %runlog  %save  %sc  %store  %sx  %system_v
erbose  %time  %timeit  %unalias  %upgrade  %who  %who_ls  %whos  %xmode

Automagic is ON, % prefix NOT needed for magic functions.

IPython's 'magic' functions
===========================

The magic function system provides a series of functions which allow you to
control the behavior of IPython itself, plus a lot of system-type
features. All these functions are prefixed with a % character, but parameters
are given without parentheses or quotes.

NOTE: If you have 'automagic' enabled (via the command line option or with the
%automagic function), you don't need to type in the % explicitly.  By default,
IPython ships with automagic on, so you should only rarely need the % escape.

Example: typing '%cd mydir' (without the quotes) changes you working directory
to 'mydir', if it exists.

You can define your own magic functions to extend the system. See the supplied
ipythonrc and example-magic.py files for details (in your ipython
configuration directory, typically $HOME/.ipython/).

You can also define your own aliased names for magic functions. In your
ipythonrc file, placing a line like:
---Return to continue, q to quit---                

....

%logstart -r 'c:\tmp\log.txt'

In [1]: %logstart -r 'c:\tmp\python.log'
Activating auto-logging. Current session state plus future input saved.
Filename       : c:\tmp\python.log
Mode           : backup
Output logging : False
Raw input log  : True
Timestamping   : False
State          : active

In [2]: print 'bonjour'
bonjour

In [3]: import os

In [4]: print os.sys.platform
win32

%psearch a* : Objets commençants par un a
%psearch -e builtin a* : Objets qui n'est pas dans le "builtin space" commençant par un a
%psearch a* function : Toutes les fonctions qui commences par un a
%psearch re.e* : Objets qui commencent par un e dans le module re
%psearch r*.e* : Objets qui commencent par un e dans un ou des modules commençant par un r
%psearch r*.* string : Toutes chaines (strings) dans un ou des modules commençant par un r
%psearch -c a* : [-c - Case sensitive] Liste les objets commençants par la minuscule 
%psearch -a _* : List des objets commençant par un underscore

# Chercher tout objet contenu dans le module os et commençant par p
In [65]: %psearch os.g*
os.getcwd
os.getcwdu
os.getenv
os.getpid

# Chercher un module commençant par ft
In [60]: %psearch ft*
ftplib

# Chercher dans le module os une fonction commençant par get
In [63]: %psearch os.get* function
os.getenv

import ftplib
In [46]: %psource ftplib.FTP.login

IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python - Quick Reference Card
================================================================

obj?, obj??, ?obj,??obj   : Get help, or more help for object
?os.p*           : List names in os starting with p

Example magic:

%alias d ls -F   : 'd' is now an alias for 'ls -F'
alias d ls -F    : Works if 'alias' not a python name
alist = %alias   : Get list of aliases to 'alist'

System commands:

!cp a.txt b/     : System command escape, calls os.system()
cp a.txt b/      : after %rehashx, most system commands work without !
cp ${f}.txt $bar : Variable expansion in magics and system commands
files = !ls /usr : Capture sytem command output
files.s, files.l, files.n: "a b c", ['a','b','c'], 'a\nb\nc'
cd /usr/share    : Obvious, also 'cd d:\home\_ipython' works

History:

_i, _ii, _iii    : Previous, next previous, next next previous input
_i4, _ih[2:5]    : Input history line 4, lines 2-4
exec _i81        : Execute input history line #81 again
_, __, ___       : previous, next previous, next next previous output
_dh              : Directory history
_oh              : Output history
%hist            : Command history

Autocall:

f 1,2            : f(1,2)
/f 1,2           : f(1,2) (forced autoparen)
,f 1 2           : f("1","2")
;f 1 2           : f("1 2")

%Exit:
        Exit IPython without confirmation.
%Pprint:
        Toggle pretty printing on/off.
%Quit:
        Exit IPython without confirmation (like %Exit).
%alias:
        Define an alias for a system command.
%autocall:
        Make functions callable without having to type parentheses.
%autoindent:
        Toggle autoindent on/off (if available).
%automagic:
        Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %.
%bg:
        Run a job in the background, in a separate thread.
%bookmark:
        Manage IPython's bookmark system.
%cd:
        Change the current working directory.
%clear:
         Clear various data (e.g. stored history data)
%color_info:
        Toggle color_info.
%colors:
        Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
%cpaste:
        Allows you to paste & execute a pre-formatted code block from clipboar
%debug:
        Activate the interactive debugger in post-mortem mode.
%dhist:
        Print your history of visited directories.
%dirs:
        Return the current directory stack.
%ed:
        Alias to %edit.
%edit:
        Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
%env:
        List environment variables.
%exit:
        Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so.
%hist:
        Alternate name for %history.
%history:
        Print input history (_i<n> variables), with most recent last.
%logoff:
        Temporarily stop logging.
%logon:
        Restart logging.
%logstart:
        Start logging anywhere in a session.
%logstate:
        Print the status of the logging system.
%lsmagic:
        List currently available magic functions.
%macro:
        Define a set of input lines as a macro for future re-execution.
%magic:
        Print information about the magic function system.
%p:
        Just a short alias for Python's 'print'.
%page:
        Pretty print the object and display it through a pager.
%pdb:
        Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger.
%pdef:
        Print the definition header for any callable object.
%pdoc:
        Print the docstring for an object.
%pfile:
        Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined.
%pinfo:
        Provide detailed information about an object.
%popd:
        Change to directory popped off the top of the stack.
%profile:
        Print your currently active IPython profile.
%prun:
        Run a statement through the python code profiler.
%psearch:
        Search for object in namespaces by wildcard.
%psource:
        Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object.
%pushd:
        Place the current dir on stack and change directory.
%pwd:
        Return the current working directory path.
%pycat:
        Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager.
%quickref:
         Show a quick reference sheet
%quit:
        Exit IPython, confirming if configured to do so (like %exit)
%r:
        Repeat previous input.
%rehash:
        Update the alias table with all entries in $PATH.
%rehashdir:
         Add executables in all specified dirs to alias table
%rehashx:
        Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH.
%reset:
        Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user.
%run:
        Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
%runlog:
        Run files as logs.
%save:
        Save a set of lines to a given filename.
%sc:
        Shell capture - exécute a shell command and capture its output.
%store:
        Lightweight persistence for python variables.
%sx:
        Shell execute - run a shell command and capture its output.
%system_verbose:
        Set verbose printing of system calls.
%time:
        Time execution of a Python statement or expression.
%timeit:
        Time execution of a Python statement or expression
%unalias:
        Remove an alias
%upgrade:
         Upgrade your IPython installation
%who:
        Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting.
%who_ls:
        Return a sorted list of all interactive variables.
%whos:
        Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable.
%xmode:
        Switch modes for the exception handlers.

Usage : %run [-n -i -t [-N<N>] -d [-b<N>] -p [profile options]] file [args]

%save monFichier 2 8 10-13

In [40]:  %save "c:\tmp\monFichier.py" 28 29
   ....:
The following commands were written to file `c:\tmp\monFichier.py`:
age = 19
if age >=18:
    print 'majeur'

%store          - Show list of all variables and their current values
%store <var>    - Store the *current* value of the variable to disk
%store -d <var> - Remove the variable and its value from storage
%store -z       - Remove all variables from storage
%store -r       - Refresh all variables from store (delete current vals)
%store foo >a.txt  - Store value of foo to new file a.txt
%store foo >>a.txt - Append value of foo to file a.txt\

In[1]: nom = "Jean" 
In[2]: %store nom

    In[1]: print nom affiche "Jean"

In [137]: listeDuPathCourant = !dir c:\tmp\garmin\*.* /b
IPython system call: dir c:\tmp\garmin\*.* /b
 ==
['016901000370.rgn', '042003600370.rgn', 'UPDATE.TXT', 'Updater.exe']

In [138]: %store listeDuPathCourant
Stored 'listeDuPathCourant' (SList)

In [139]: %store
Stored variables and their in-db values:
listeDuPathCourant             -> ['016901000370.rgn', '042003600370.rgn', 'UPDA
TE.T
monNom                         -> 'Jean Peyroux'

#efface une variable 
%store -d monNom

In [31]: who
listeDuPathCourant      monLs   monNom

In [32]: whos
Variable             Type     Data/Info
---------------------------------------
listeDuPathCourant   SList    ['016901000370.rgn', '042<...>DATE.TXT', 'Updater.
exe']
monLs                SList    ['']
monNom               str      Jean Peyroux